A1 · 初级

已经发生的事

已经结束的事情:两分钟学会一般过去时。规则动词加 -ed,不规则动词会变化,否定句和疑问句由 did 帮忙。细节放在最下面。

01

什么是一般过去时?

结束了——这就是全部要点

一般过去时用来谈已经结束的事情:昨天、上周、五分钟前。只要事情已经发生,就用一般过去时——一个时态覆盖全部过去,从去年到昨晚。

🧩

已经结束的动作

事情已经结束——与现在没有联系

I watched a film yesterday

🔧

规则动词:加 -ed

大多数动词直接加 -ed

She played tennis

🌀

不规则动词:词形变化

有些动词完全变样——go, went

He went to school

时间词:yesterday, last…

过去时最爱时间标记

We visited Rome last summer

⚠️ 一个简单的想法:事情已经发生,就用一般过去时。

02

公式

主语 + 过去式动词,然后接其他

和现在时一样的骨架,一个大交换:动词加 -ed(或变化),否定和疑问句请出助动词 did。did 之后,动词回到原形——助动词扛着过去,动词可以休息。

⚙️三种形式使用相同的结构
肯定句
SubjectVerb (-ed)ObjectTime

Shewatcheda filmlast night

否定句
Subjectdidn'tVerbObject

Shedidn'twatcha film

疑问句
DidSubjectVerb?

Didshewatcha film?

03

不规则动词

八个拒绝 -ed 的动词

有些动词无视 -ed 规则,完全变化:go 变成 went,不是 goed。把每个原形动词和它的过去式配对吧——这八个覆盖了日常英语的大部分。

go
went我回家了。
see
saw我看见一只鸟。
eat
ate我们吃了披萨。
have
had她养过一条狗。
make
made他做了一个蛋糕。
take
took我坐了一趟公交。
buy
bought他们买了鞋。
come
came她来晚了。

⚠️ did 和 didn’t 后面绝不跟过去式动词:I didn’t go,不是 I didn’t went。

04

常见错误

要避免的五个错误

同样的五个陷阱几乎人人中招:双重过去、给不规则动词加 -ed、疑问句里忘了 did。逃脱方法如下:

I didn't went home.

I didn't go home.

💡 didn’t 之后,动词回到原形:go,不是 went。

She goed to school.

She went to school.

💡 go 是不规则动词:go → went。不加 -ed。

I watch TV yesterday.

I watched TV yesterday.

💡 Yesterday 表示过去——动词要加 -ed:watched。

Did you watched the film?

Did you watch the film?

💡 带 did 的疑问句里,主要动词保持原形。

He were happy.

He was happy.

💡 he/she/it 用 was;you/we/they 用 were。

05

快速测验

测试你刚学的内容

三分钟,五道题——看看记住了什么。没有作文题,我们保证。

题目 1 / 50 / 5

Yesterday I ___ a great film.

💡 附加信息3 个部分
06

时间轴

过去就在你身后

每一个过去时间词都从现在指向后方。标记越大,离得越远。Yesterday 很近;2010 很远。

昨天
1 day ago现在

I saw her yesterday.

上周
7 days ago现在

We played football last week.

两天前
2 days ago现在

She called me two days ago.

2010年
16 years ago现在

I started school in 2010.

07

动词变位

过去式没有 -s——好消息

看这张表:每个主语都用同一个动词。过去时里 he/she/it 不加 -s——那条规则只活在现在时里。唯一的不规则是 be:was 和 were。

💡在过去时里,动词对所有人都一样:I worked, she worked, they worked。任何地方都没有 -s。
主语肯定句否定句疑问句
II workedI didn't workDid I work?
YouYou workedYou didn't workDid you work?
He / She / ItHe workedHe didn't workDid he work?
WeWe workedWe didn't workDid we work?
TheyThey workedThey didn't workDid they work?

动词 "be"两种形式,不需要助动词

主语肯定句否定句疑问句
II was happyI wasn't happyWas I happy?
He / She / ItHe was happyHe wasn't happyWas he happy?
You / We / TheyThey were happyThey weren't happyWere they happy?
08

信号词

预告过去的词

一看到这些词,这个句子几乎肯定属于过去时。时间词指向后方;不规则动词自己带着变化。

过去时间词
yesterdaylast nightlast weeklast monthtwo days agoin 2010
不规则动词
go → wentsee → saweat → atehave → hadmake → madetake → took

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