如果你已经学习英语一段时间，可能会注意到一个现象：母语者特别喜欢使用短语动词。起初这类两字组合听起来有点让人抓狂——为什么不直接说“wake up”而要用“wake up”？但关键是，它们并非随意出现，而是日常交流的捷径。
掌握正确的短语动词后，你的口音就会从书本式转变为真实对话中的自然表达。下面给你十个最常听到、最贴近生活的例子，帮助你快速上手。
社交场合常用短语动词
这些短语几乎在任何谈话中都会出现——咖啡馆、办公室、电话里都能碰见。
1. Come across (as)
含义：给人某种印象，表现出特定的样子。
遇到新朋友时，你会立刻形成第一印象，这正是 come across 所描述的情景。
She comes across as very confident, but she told me she gets nervous before every presentation.
她看起来很自信，但她告诉我每次演讲前都会紧张。
His message came across as a bit rude, though I'm sure he didn't mean it.
他的消息听起来有点粗鲁，虽然他并非故意。
小提醒：不带 as 的 come across 也可以表示偶然发现某物。例如：I came across an old photo from high school yesterday.（我昨天无意中翻到一张高中旧照。）
2. Put up with
含义：容忍、忍受烦恼。
这句几乎无处不在。朋友抱怨老板？他们就是在 put up with。邻居凌晨两点放大音响？你也在 put up with。
I don't know how she puts up with his constant criticism.
我不知道她怎么能忍受他不断的批评。
The Wi‑Fi here is terrible. I'm not sure how much longer I can put up with it.
这里的无线网络很差，我不确定还能再忍受多久。
3. Look forward to
含义：对未来某事感到兴奋或期待。
你可能在正式邮件里见过这句，但母语者也经常用它来表达日常期待。
I'm looking forward to the weekend — I need a break.
我很期待周末——我需要休息。
Are you looking forward to your trip next month?
你对下个月的旅行感到兴奋吗？
注意，这里的 to 是介词，后面跟名词或动名词：I look forward to hearing from you.（期待收到你的来信。）
快速参考：社交短语动词
表现出某种样子
容忍、忍受
期待、兴奋
家里和工作中的日常动作
这些短语动词帮助你描述日常情境，保证每天都能用到。
4. Run out of
含义：把某物耗尽，没剩下。
想象一下早晨的场景：咖啡？牛奶？手机电量？这就是 run out of 的典型用法。
We've run out of milk. Can you pick some up on your way home?
我们快没牛奶了。你回家的路上能顺便买点吗？
My phone ran out of battery right in the middle of an important call.
我的手机在重要电话中途没电了。
有趣的是，母语者常把 of 去掉，只要上下文清晰即可：We ran out sugar vs. The sugar ran out.
5. Figure out
含义：通过思考解决、理解或找到答案。
这是英语中最实用的短语动词之一。每当你解开一个难题，就在 figure something out。
I can't figure out how to attach a file in this email app.
我不知道怎么在这个邮件应用里附加文件。
We need to figure out a way to finish this project by Friday.
我们得想办法在周五前完成项目。
你也可以把动词和粒子拆开：figure it out, figure things out。
6. Pick up
含义：注意，这个短语有多重意思。最常见的是“去接某人/某物”和“轻松学会”。
Can you pick me up from the station at 7?
（收集）你能在七点从车站接我吗？
She picked up Spanish just by living in Madrid for six months.
（学习）她只要住在马德里六个月就学会了西班牙语。
上下文通常能告诉你是哪种含义，往往很直观。
7. Turn down
含义：拒绝某个提议或邀请。
这句是礼貌对话的黄金选择。与直接说 No 不同，你可以用 turn something down 来表达。
They offered me the job, but I turned it down. The salary wasn't enough.
他们给了我工作机会，但我拒绝了，因为薪水不够。
She turned down his invitation to dinner — she was just too tired.
她婉拒了他的晚餐邀请——她实在太累了。
出行相关短语动词
移动、旅行、交通。这些短语帮助你描述物理世界，也能让谈话更自然。
8. Pull up
含义：车辆到达并停下。
A taxi pulled up right in front of the hotel.
一辆出租车正好停在酒店门前。
He pulled up to the gate and showed his ID.
他靠近大门，出示了身份证。
9. Drop off / Pick up
这两者常一起出现，尤其是在旅行对话中。
Drop off：把某人/某物送到某处并离开。
Pick up：去接某人/某物。
I dropped the kids off at school before work, then picked them up at 3:30.
我在上班前先把孩子们送到学校，三点半再去接他们。
Could you drop me off at the corner? I can walk from there.
能帮我在拐角处下车吗？从那里我可以走过去。
10. Break down
含义：机器或车辆停止工作；也可指情绪崩溃。
My car broke down on the highway. I had to call for help.
我的车在高速公路上抛锚，我不得不打电话求助。
She broke down when she heard the news.
她听到消息时哭了起来。
快速测验
用下面的短语动词填空（选对形式）：
come across | put up with | look forward to | run out of | figure out
-
I really __________ __________ seeing you next weekend! It's been too long.
-
She __________ __________ very professional during the interview.
-
We've __________ __________ __________ time. The deadline is tomorrow.
-
I can't __________ how to solve this puzzle. It's driving me crazy.
-
How do you __________ __________ __________ his terrible jokes all day?
答案：
- am looking forward to
- came across
- run out of
- figure out
- put up with
继续练习
短语动词不是一夜之间就能掌握的，但从这十个开始，放进真实对话里去使用。看电影、追剧时留意它们出现的场景，你会发现它们慢慢融入你的自然表达。
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