如果你曾读过一篇 Band 7+ 的雅思作文,你可能会注意到一句话:词语之间自然地“搭配”在一起。作者并没有随意塞进一些“大词”,比如 delve 或 paradigm,而是使用了母语者本能抓住的组合。这些就是 搭配——经常一起出现的词组。
更重要的是:考官正是奖励这种用法。雅思写作 Task 2 的评分标准里有一项叫 “Lexical Resource”。掌握好搭配,你就会显得流利;搞错了(比如说 make a research 而不是 conduct research),无论想法多么精彩,都会让人觉得你还是学习者。
下面直接给你最常用的 学术搭配,按它们在作文中扮演的功能分类。掌握这些,你的写作立刻会更有锋芒。
搭配为何比单个词更重要
把单个词想成一块砖,把搭配想成一堵墙。你再好的一块砖,如果随意堆砌,墙就会倒塌。
举例来说,你可能知道 conclusion 这个词。但在学术英语里,我们说 draw a conclusion,而不是 take a conclusion。这就是从 6 分提升到 7 分的关键差别。
搭配还能帮你省时。与其去找花哨的同义词,不如直接使用已验证的组合,让大脑腾出更多空间来思考逻辑和结构——得分的另一半。
IELTS Task 2 最实用的学术搭配
我按它们在作文中的作用把它们归类。先练习一组,持续一周,再转到下一组。
1. 表达观点
你需要清晰地陈述立场。别只说 “I think”。可以这样:
- hold the view that – Many experts hold the view that climate change is the greatest threat.
- take the position that – I take the position that governments should invest in renewable energy.
- express strong support for – The report expresses strong support for free higher education.
注意模式:动词 + 名词。大多数学术搭配都是这种结构。
2. 讨论因果关系
雅思题目常要求你谈原因和解决方案。以下搭配能让你显得更具分析性:
- lead to – Poor urban planning can lead to traffic congestion.
- result from – The rise in obesity results from a combination of diet and lifestyle.
- be a contributing factor – Lack of exercise is a contributing factor in many health problems.
- have a profound impact on – Technology has had a profound impact on education.
别把 lead to 用得太频繁。可以混用 contribute to、give rise to 或 trigger。
3. 给出例子与证据
考官喜欢具体实例,但不要重复 “for example” 十次。试试:
- a case in point – A case in point is the rapid growth of renewable energy in Scandinavia.
- provide evidence for – Studies provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of early education.
- be supported by – This argument is supported by data from several countries.
4. 做比较与对照
在比较两种观点时,使用:
- stand in stark contrast to – This approach stands in stark contrast to traditional methods.
- differ significantly from – The outcomes differ significantly from what was predicted.
- share common ground with – Both solutions share common ground with the principle of sustainability.
5. 总结或收尾
你可能已经知道 in conclusion。但评分者更青睐多样化的表达。可以这样:
- reach a conclusion – It is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion without more research.
- sum up the main points – To sum up the main points, I believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
- draw the argument to a close – I will draw the argument to a close by reiterating the need for balance.
快速练习
今天就来做个小练习。选一个话题 “Should university education be free for all?”,用每一部分至少两个搭配写三句话。不必完整作文,只聚焦词组。
参考范例:
I hold the view that free tuition would lead to a more educated workforce. A case in point is Germany, where tuition‑free policies have had a profound impact on enrolment. To sum up the main points, the economic benefits stand in stark contrast to the initial costs.
我用了六个不同的搭配,三句话里就能体现考官想看到的效果。
如何记住搭配(不再枯燥)
抽认卡有效,但前提是你要主动使用。写下完整短语,而不是单词。例如,不只是 “trigger”,而是 “trigger a debate” 或 “trigger a shift”。
另外,每天读一篇范文,划出所有动词+名词或形容词+名词的组合。在一周内,你的大脑会开始自动使用它们。
秘诀就是 曝光 + 重复。不必记住 500 条搭配,只需专注这 15–20 条,就能把写作从 “学习者” 升级为 “自信使用者”。
准备好测试你的水平了吗?
你已经学会了理论,现在来检验自己在实际写作中运用这些搭配的能力。English Measure 提供一份免费的在线测试,涵盖阅读、听力、写作和口语。大约 15 分钟即可完成,并给出详细的优势与不足分析。
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